The working principle of a watch, a watch is a precision instrument used to indicate the time. The principle of the instrument is to use a vibration system with constant period and continuous vibration as the standard. If you know the vibration period, and calculate the number of vibrations. Then, the time elapsed after so many vibrations is equal to the period of vibration multiplied by the number of vibrations. That is, time = vibration period × number of vibrations.
The pendulum shaft hairspring mechanical watch adopts the balance wheel hairspring as the vibration system. The balance wheel 1 is fixed on the pendulum shaft 2. The upper and lower journals of the pendulum shaft are sleeved in bearings and can rotate around the bearings. One end of the hairspring member 3 is fixed on the pendulum shaft, and the other end is fixed on the clamping plate. Due to the elastic deformation of the balance spring, the movement of the balance wheel changes from rotation to reciprocating movement. The balance spring system is affected by the friction of the bearing, air resistance and internal friction of the balance spring when it swings. The amplitude (amplitude) of the swing will gradually decay until it stops moving.
In order to make it vibrate continuously without damping, it is necessary to periodically replenish energy to the balance spring system. In other words, there must be an energy device in the watch. The periodic replenishment of energy to the vibration system is achieved through the escapement. The escapement is also used to calculate the number of vibrations of the balance spring system. Therefore, the balance spring system and escapement are the key devices of mechanical watches.